Hello everybody ...
How R U ?
....How is the holiday with U ? I hope U R having fun & every thing is Okay
Yes this is the last topic I can post here before I start university again in this summer semester
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some how my topic this time is different . U know we have 2 improve our LG in every side of it
ENG SKILLS R 4 : they R
Reading and
Listening------>
and they are Receptive skills
Writing and
Speaking ------>
and they are Productive skills
I won't talk about
Reading ,
Listening ,or
Writing. but
Speaking
and the tittle says
LET'S STAND UP & SPEAK BEFORE PUBLIC
so I mean let's learn abouT PUBLIC SPEAKING
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the topic is divided into these parts
I : An INTO about PS
II : PS fear & Solution
III : Standard Rule Of Speech making
:: intr .::. body .::. conclusion ::
IV : How to response to responses
I
First of all you might ask why we need to know how to speak before public
hmm let's say ... now perhaps U R still a school student then u might not need it now
But when u enter the university 4sure u'll need it ,especially if u enter a scientific department . that happened when u have a report or a research or even a project and theN u have to present and discuss it before ur instructor and ur same peers . so u'll need to know how to speak !
Also in other departments u might need it ...
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it means you stand upbefore ( in front of ) friends or strangers in order to deliver a speech about a specific topic and idea ....yes that's it
II
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Now imagine yourself is the 1st person in the school , college , or any organization and this day is the graduation day and you are suppose to deliver a speech before strangers you don't know You might feel afraid and scared !
but why this fear ??
let's define these causes of fear and try to solve them
thinking that public speaking should be frightening
--->be positive
thinking you need to be brilliant or perfect to give a speech
---> no , every one can speak . we all
have tongues
trying to give too much information in a short time
---> you need to know more what is public speaking rules
trying to please every one
---> think of the best
trying to copy other speakers
---> just simply be yourself
trying to hide too much of yourself
---> learn to be confident
trying to control the wrong things ( like the behavior of your audience )
---> don't shout at them . one killer sight can be useful
thinking your audience wants to judge you as " bad "
---> be more full of yourself
spending too much time worrying
---> develop confidence and trust in your natural ability to succeed
and the basic idea to get rid of this fear is to be moreconfident ... how ??? I'll say in it's place in sha' Allah
III
In order to make a speech
you have to write an essay ( the whole topic ) then summarize it next outline it and finally rehearse it .
u must consider
the standard rules of ps in order not to get this result in ur audience ...
look they are
bored coz of ur
boring speech .
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speeches are " now".they cannot be looked at twice like written words.they only exist in the memory of the listeners. so their main ideas need to be repeated in a clear yet interesting way .
we don't want ur speech ends like this...
so
the standard rules of ps are :
1- say what you are going to say ( ICE BREAKING ) it's the introduction .
2- say it ( the ideas and evidences ) it's the body.
3- say what you have said ( echo of the intro ) it's the conclusion .
why we have intro
give general idea about the topic .
ice-breaking stage .
creates suspense ، ppl gear to know what else .
attract ppl mind ... with catchy intro
how to wite an intro ?
there are various methods to write it to fit with type of the topic
1use story > this in informal speech ، ppl can learn morals from folk tales . or you can
use Anecdotes > it's a personal story happened with u .
2-
use Quotes > for formal one . when u start ur speech with a such famous quotation
it will give the importance to the topic .
3- use Questions > there are Q to answer and other not to answer we called it" Rhetorical Q"
the Rhetorical one made the audience think more and more about the topic what will be .
4- use Moving LG ( Metaphors ) > it will made the meaning more interesting and deep
the important elements of the body :
* Ideas
* Evidence
* Connection
how to organize the body ? ( the pattern )
there are many types :
1-
Topical >
we have main topic and sub topics
example :
the
main topic is
smoking
and the
sub topics are
1 healthy side
2 financial side
3 social side
4
.
and we talk about every topic by order .
2-
chronological >
it's according to the time line , so don't mix the events with other .
u have to keep the time order .
example :
the topic:
the history of making paper
we start with
the most ancient event such as before 5000 B.C then talk about
the next even
after that date such as 500 A.D and so on ...
p.s. :: chronological : consist of the part > chronology : it's latin word means time
3-
spatial order >
it's according to the place . this pattern is useful in geographic topics .
4-
problem - solution >
in this we have a problem , we define the causes of it then we suggest
some solutions of it .
5-
Argument counter argument >
in this pattern we have 2 opposite ideas and explain every one
and in the end we decide which is better .
:: Evidences ::
there are 2types {in-ex}ternal Evidence.
Internal Evidences > these are the secrets of confidence in public speaking
you as a public speaker u have to consider these points :
how u do dressed :
it should be
comfortable 4u and 4 audience too .
it should also be
suitable 4 the topic... how it would if u dressed a fancy clothes in a topic
of the war , diseases , catastrophe??
or in other hand u have to consider it will be formal or informal .
and remember "
the simple is the best "
how is ur voice :
it should be in
poly-tone ... don't be in a mono tone .
how is ur gestures :
hands
free & flowing , but not too much . make a habit to
start with hands held lightly in front
to avoid nervous gestures. once u r
comfortable allow them
freedom .
how is ur eye-contact :
look in the eyes of ppl . move ur eyes i
n slow smooth cycles to cover the entire audience , especially corners.
this will
please the audience.
how is ur posture :
be
comfortable & amicable : straight & poised .
how is ur LG :
it should be
comfortable 4audience and u . be away from Bookish LG .
these r the Internal Evidences ... they are imprtant to success but noy enoght
External Evidences > Ideas
before this ... this an example to understand it ...
u r the
speaker of topic about
smoking ...
u said "
and believe me smoking is very dangerous
it's the shortest way to die , yes all of the smokers in our country die from affections of it .
plz stop smoking it's a horrible habit "
the audience will think "
yes smoking is dangerous
but I can't believe u all of the ppl die from it give me approve !!!"
:::: so some external evidences to use :::
1-
expert testimony : an experience from u and others .
2-
examples : 2types
1- actual : real one .
2- fictional : literary not real .
3-
statistics: numbers
4-
Audio - Visual : like pictures , sounds or video clips.
Why we have conclusion ?
* let them know the speech is finishing .
* Remind them of the main points .
* Remind them of ur main idea .
* give them something memorable .
actually the conclusion is echo of the intro ... so we can use also here story , example , Q or even sense of humor....
now in the end of the speech perhaps ppl want to ask so u have to be ready .... how ?
* u can rehears before friends ... and they will ask u .
* collect a sufficient data .
* ask ur self : what's the Q I do/not like to be asked !
these tips when u practice
but in the speech ...
* don't answer Q hasty ( even u r ready to answer ): if u do this it will be a sign of NO RESPECT
but if u wait it will express :
- a sign of respect .
- confident
- good listener
* if some one ask Q that's embarrassing , or u don't want to answer .
don't say" I don't want to answer u" but " I have no comment " that way is very gentle .
in the end I can say this is a brief of public speaking
but if u follow every point u'll please urself and ur audience too
I won't give u any website because they are a lot … and I don't know which one is the best.
Anyway I hope u to keep this topic with u … perhaps it will be useful in the future … who know perhaps u'll say ur speech before ur citizens when u r a president huhuh
I really wanna to write more and more but … huh I have to go now …
Please ask Allah for me the success in Al-Donya and Al-Akhira
